Posts

44)Described: What to expect on Republic Day 2021and what not to

India Republic Day -- Republic Day 2021: In 2020it was the agitation up against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA). Nowthousands of farmersmostly from Punjab and Haryanahave been camping at the sides of Delhi for more than 2 monthsdemanding the Centre repeal the three farm laws. For your second year in a short periodRepublic Day celebrations inside national capital will be placed under the shadow of raging protests against laws handed down by the Centre. In 2020it was the agitation up against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA). This timethousands of farmersmostly from Punjab and Haryanahave been camping at the sides of Delhi for more than 2 monthsdemanding the Centre repeal the three farm laws. This specific years Republic Day march will also be the first major public event in pandemic occasions. What is new this year The expensive vacation event will be pared down the number of spectatorsthe size of marching contingents and other side points of interest. The spectator size have b...
Post a Comment
Read more

Potential energy

Image
U = ½ · k · x 2(elastic) U = ½ · C · V 2 (electric) U = - m · B (magnetic) In physics, potential energy is the energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors. Common types of potential energy include the gravitational potential energy of an object that depends on its mass and its distance from the center of mass of another object, the elastic potential energy of an extended spring, and the electric potential energy of an electric charge in an electric field. The unit for energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule, which has the symbol J. The term potential energy was introduced by the 19th-century Scottish engineer and physicist William Rankine, although it has links to Greek philosopher Aristotle's concept of potentiality. Potential energy is associated with forces that act on a body in a way that the total work done by these ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Overview

Image
There are various types of potential energy, each associated with a particular type of force. For example, the work of an elastic force is called elastic potential energy; work of the gravitational force is called gravitational potential energy; work of the Coulomb force is called electric potential energy; work of the strong nuclear force or weak nuclear force acting on the baryon charge is called nuclear potential energy; work of intermolecular forces is called intermolecular potential energy. Chemical potential energy, such as the energy stored in fossil fuels, is the work of the Coulomb force during rearrangement of configurations of electrons and nuclei in atoms and molecules. Thermal energy usually has two components: the kinetic energy of random motions of particles and the potential energy of their configuration. Forces derivable from a potential are also called conservative forces. The work done by a conservative force is W = − Δ U {\displaystyle \,W=-\Delta U} w...
Post a Comment
Read more

Work and potential energy

Image
Potential energy is closely linked with forces. If the work done by a force on a body that moves from A to B does not depend on the path between these points (if the work is done by a conservative force), then the work of this force measured from A assigns a scalar value to every other point in space and defines a scalar potential field. In this case, the force can be defined as the negative of the vector gradient of the potential field. If the work for an applied force is independent of the path, then the work done by the force is evaluated at the start and end of the trajectory of the point of application. This means that there is a function U ( x ), called a "potential," that can be evaluated at the two points x A and x B to obtain the work over any trajectory between these two points. It is tradition to define this function with a negative sign so that positive work is a reduction in the potential, that is W = ∫ C F ⋅ d x = U ( x A ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Potential energy for near Earth gravity

Image
For small height changes, gravitational potential energy can be computed using U g = m g h , {\displaystyle U_{g}=mgh,} where m is the mass in kg, g is the local gravitational field (9.8 metres per second squared on earth), h is the height above a reference level in metres, and U is the energy in joules. In classical physics, gravity exerts a constant downward force F =(0, 0, F z ) on the center of mass of a body moving near the surface of the Earth. The work of gravity on a body moving along a trajectory r (t) = ( x (t), y (t), z (t)), such as the track of a roller coaster is calculated using its velocity, v =( v x , v y , v z ), to obtain W = ∫ t 1 t 2 F ⋅ v d t = ∫ t 1 t 2 F z v z d t = F z Δ z . {\displaystyle W=\int _{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}{\boldsymbol {F}}\cdot {\boldsymbol {v}}\mathrm {d} t=\int _{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}F_{z}v_{z}\mathrm {d} t=F_{z}\Delta z.} where the integral of the vertical...
Post a Comment
Read more

Potential energy for a linear spring

Image
A horizontal spring exerts a force F = (− kx , 0, 0) that is proportional to its deformation in the axial or x direction. The work of this spring on a body moving along the space curve s ( t ) = ( x ( t ), y ( t ), z ( t )), is calculated using its velocity, v = ( v x , v y , v z ), to obtain W = ∫ 0 t F ⋅ v d t = − ∫ 0 t k x v x d t = − ∫ 0 t k x d x d t d t = ∫ x ( t 0 ) x ( t ) k x   d x = 1 2 k x 2 {\displaystyle W=\int _{0}^{t}\mathbf {F} \cdot \mathbf {v} \mathrm {\,} {d}t=-\int _{0}^{t}kxv_{x}\mathrm {\,} {d}t=-\int _{0}^{t}kx{\frac {\mathrm {d} x}{\mathrm {d} t}}dt=\int _{x(t_{0})}^{x(t)}kx\ \mathrm {d} x={\frac {1}{2}}kx^{2}} For convenience, consider contact with the spring occurs at t = 0, then the integral of the product of the distance x and the x -velocity, xv x , is x 2/2. The function U ( x ) = 1 2 k x 2 , {\d...
Post a Comment
Read more

Potential energy for gravitational forces between two bodies

Image
The gravitational potential function, also known as gravitational potential energy, is: U = − G M m r , {\displaystyle U=-{\frac {GMm}{r}},} The negative sign follows the convention that work is gained from a loss of potential energy. Derivation The gravitational force between two bodies of mass M and m separated by a distance r is given by Newton's law F = − G M m r 2 r ^ , {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =-{\frac {GMm}{r^{2}}}\mathbf {\hat {r}} ,} where r ^ {\displaystyle \mathbf {\hat {r}} } is a vector of length 1 pointing from M to m and G is the gravitational constant. Let the mass m move at the velocity v then the work of gravity on this mass as it moves from position r (t 1 ) to r (t 2 ) is given by W = − ∫ r ( t 1 ) r ( t 2 ) G M m r 3 r ⋅ d r = − ∫ t 1 t 2 G M m r 3 r ⋅ v d t . {\displayst...
Post a Comment
Read more